Metals Engineering

Pipe Schedule Charts

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 13:10:12 +0000

The wall thickness associated with a particular schedule depends on the pipe size as can be seen from the charts below for some of the more common sized carbon steel pipes encountered.

Abbreviations used: NB – nominal bore, STD – Standard, EH – Extra Heavy, DBL EH – Double Extra Heavy.

2″NB		OD = 2.375 inch (60.32 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	2.245	2.157	—	—	2.067	—	1.939	—	—	—	1.689	1.503
ID (mm)	57.02	54.79	—	—	52.5	—	49.25	—	—	—	42.9	38.18

3″ NB		OD = 3.5 inch (88.9 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	3.334	3.260	—	—	3.068	—	2.900	—	—	—	2.624	2.300
ID (mm)	84.68	82.8	—	—	77.93	—	73.66	—	—	—	66.65	58.42

4″ NB		OD = 4.5 inch (114.3 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	4.334	4.260	—	—	4.026	—	3.826	—	3.624	—	3.438	3.152
ID (mm)	110.08	108.2	—	—	102.26	—	97.18	—	92.05	—	87.33	80.06

6″ NB		OD = 6.625 inch (168.275 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	6.407	6.357	—	—	6.065	—	5.761	—	5.501	—	5.189	4.897
ID (mm)	162.74	161.47	—	—	154.05	—	146.33	—	139.73	—	131.8	124.38

8″ NB		OD = 8.625 inch (219.1 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	8.407	8.329	8.125	8.071	7.981	7.813	7.625	7.439	7.189	7.001	6.813	6.375
ID (mm)	213.54	211.56	206.38	205	202.72	198.45	193.67	188.95	182.6	177.83	173.05	161.93

10″ NB		OD = 10.750 inch (273 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	10.482	10.42	10.25	10.136	10.02	9.750	9.564	9.314	9.064	8.750	8.500	—
ID (mm)	266.24	264.67	260.35	257.45	254.5	247.65	242.93	236.58	230.23	222.25	215.9	—

12″ NB		OD = 12.750 inch (323.85 mm)
Schedule	5	10	20	30	40 STD	60	80 EH	100	120	140	160	DBL EH
ID (ins)	12.42	12.39	12.25	12.09	11.938 12.000	11.626	11.376 11.750	11.064	10.75	10.50	10.126	—
ID (mm)	315.47	314.7	311.15	307.1	303.22 304.8	295.3	288.95 298.45	281.03	273.05	266.7	257.2	—

Does Pipe Schedule Change With Pipe Size?

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 12:57:50 +0000

For all pipe sizes the outside diameter remains relatively constant. Therefore any variation schedule i.e. wall thickness, affects only the inside diameter. As the schedule number increases, the wall thickness increases, and the actual bore is reduced.

What Standards Govern Pipe Schedule Sizes?

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 12:55:15 +0000

In the oil and gas and related down stream industries the the most common standards are

- API 5L
- ASME/ANSI B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
- ASME/ANSI B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe

What is a pipe schedule?

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 12:50:02 +0000

Pipes are designed to carry fluid, therefore their internal diameter is their critical dimension. This critical dimension is referred to as the nominal bore, appreviated as NB. Obviously, for pipes containing pressurised fluids the wall thickness, and by implication the pipe’s strength, is important. Wall thickness is expressed in “schedules”, refered to as pipe schedules. Standard pipe schedule or pipes sizes as given by ANSI / ASME B36.10M and API 5L .

Unified Number System UNS Metals Alloys Table

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 08:21:10 +0000

Apply for plain carbon steel and low-alloy steel and cast steel and to a limited extent for high-alloy and/or work hardened steel.

Unified Number System (UNS) Metals & Alloys
UNS Series	Metal
A00001 to A99999	Aluminum and aluminum alloys
C00001 to C99999	Copper and copper alloys
D00001 to D99999	Specified mechanical properties steel
E00001 to E99999	Rare earth and rare earth-like metals and alloys
F00001 to F99999	Cast irons
G00001 to G99999	AISI and SAE carbon and alloy steel (Except tool steels)
H00001 to H99999	AISI and SAE H-steel
J00001 to J99999	Cast steel (Except tool steel)
K00001 to K99999	Miscellaneous steel and ferrous alloys.
L00001 to L99999	Low-melting metals and alloys
M00001 to M99999	Miscellaneous nonferrous metals and alloys
N00001 to N99999	Nickel and nickel alloys
P00001 to P99999	Precious metals and alloys
R00001 to R99999	Reactive and refractory metals and alloys
S00001 to S99999	Heat and corrosion resistant stainless steel
T00001 to T99999	Tool steel, wrought and cast
W00001 to W99999	Welding filler metals
Z00001 to Z99999	Zinc and zinc alloys

Hardness Conversion Table – Tensile Strength Brinell Vickers Rockwell HRB HRC

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:31:46 +0000

Applies for plain carbon and low-alloy steels and cast steel and to a limited extent for high-alloy and/or work hardened steel.

Hardness Conversion Table
Tensile Strength (N/mm²⁾>	Brinell Hardness (BHN)	Vickers Hardness (HV)	Rockwell Hardness (HRB)	Rockwell Hardness (HRC)
285	86	90
320	95	100	56.2
350	105	110	62.3
385	114	120	66.7
415	124	130	71.2
450	133	140	75.0
480	143	150	78.7
510	152	160	81.7
545	162	170	85.0
575	171	180	87.1
610	181	190	89.5
640	190	200	91.5
675	199	210	93.5
705	209	220	95.0
740	219	230	96.7
770	228	240	98.1
800	238	250	99.5
820	242	255		23.1
850	252	265		24.8
880	261	275		26.4
900	266	280		27.1
930	276	290		28.5
950	280	295		29.2
995	295	310		31.0
1030	304	320		32.2
1060	314	330		33.3
1095	323	340		34.4
1125	333	350		35.5
1155	342	360		36.6
1190	352	370		37.7
1220	361	380		38.8
1255	371	390		39.8
1290	380	400		40.8
1320	390	410		41.8
1350	399	420		42.7
1385	409	430		43.6
1420	418	440		44.5
1455	428	450		45.3
1485	437	460		46.1
1520	447	470		46.9
1555	456	480		47.7
1595	466	490		48.4
1630	475	500		49.1
1665	485	510		49.8
1700	494	520		50.5
1740	504	530		51.1
1775	513	540		51.7
1810	523	550		52.3
1845	532	560		53.0
1880	542	570		53.6
1920	551	580		54.1
1955	561	590		54.7
1995	570	600		55.2
2030	580	610		55.7
2070	589	620		56.3
2105	599	630		56.8
2145	608	640		57.3
2180	618	650		57.8

Density Densities of Materials Reference Table

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:15:47 +0000

Material	Density (g/cm³)
Liquids
Water at 4 °C	1.0000
Water at 20 °C	0.998
Gasoline	0.70
Mercury	13.6
Milk	1.03
Solids
Magnesium	1.7
Aluminum	2.7
Brass	8.55
Copper	8.3-9.0
Gold	19.3
Iron	7.8
Zinc	7.14
Steel	8.03
.Lead	11.3
Platinum	21.4
Uranium	18.7
Osmium	22.5
Ice at 0 C	0.92
Wood	0.67
Gases at Standard Temperature and Pressure
Air	0.001293
Carbon dioxide	.001977
Carbon monoxide	0.00125
Hydrogen	0.00009
Helium	0.000178
Nitrogen	0.001251

Titanium and Titanium Alloys Grades Chemical Composition Properties

admin — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 03:41:47 +0000

The various Titanium Grades as defined by ASTM and ASME are numbered from 1 and upwards where all numbers except 6 and 8 are represented.

Most of the grades are of alloyed type with various additions of for example aluminium, vanadium, nickel, ruthenium, molybdenum, chromium or zirconium for the purpose of improving and/or combining various mechanical characteristics, heat resistance, conductivity, microstructure, creep, ductility, corrosion resistance etc. etc.

Palladium (Pd) and ruthenium (Ru), Nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) are elements which can be added to the pure titanium types in order to obtain a significant improvement of corrosion resistance particulary in slightly reducing environments where titanium otherwise might face some problems due to insufficient conditions for formation of the necessary protective oxidefilm on the metal surface. The formation of a stable and substantially inert protective oxidefilm on the surface is otherwise the secret behind the extraordinary corrosion resistance of titanium .

The mechnical properties of commercially pure titanium are in fact controlled by “alloying” to various levels of oxygen and nitrogen to obtain strength levels varying between approximately 290 and 550 MPa. For higher strength levels alloying elements, e.g. Al and V have to be added. Ti3Al2,5V has a tensile strength of minimum 620MPa in annealed condition and minimum 860 MPa in the as cold worked and stress relieved condition. The CP-titanium grades are nominally all alpha in structure, whereas many of the titanium alloys have a two phase alpha + beta structure. There are also titanium alloys with high alloying additions having an entire beta phase structure. While alpha alloys cannot be heat treated to increase strength, the addition of 2,5% copper would result in a material which responds to solution treatment and ageing in a similar way to aluminium-copper.

Common ASTM / ASME Titanium Grades
Grade	Description
Grade 1	Unalloyed titanium, low oxygen, low strength
Grade 2	Unalloyed titanium, standard oxygen, medium strength
Grade 3	Unalloyed titanium, medium oxygen, high strength
Grade 4	Unalloyed titanium, high oxygen, extra high strength
Grade 5	Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium)
Grade 7	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12% to 0.25% palladium, standard oxygen, medium strength
Grade 9	Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium), high strength. Mainly aerospace applications
Grade 11	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12% to 0.25% palladium, low oxygen, low strength
Grade 12	Titanium alloy (0.3% molybdenum, 0.8% nickel), high strength
Grade 13	Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium), low oxygen
Grade 14	Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium), standard oxygen
Grade 15	Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium), medium oxygen
Grade 16	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium, standard oxygen, medium strength
Grade 17	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium, low oxygen, low strength
Grade 18	Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium),
Grade 19	Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum)
Grade 20	Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum) plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium
Grade 21	Titanium alloy (15% molybdenum, 3% aluminum, 2.7% niobium, 0.25% silicon)
Grade 23	Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, extra low interstitial, ELI)
Grade 24	Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium
Grade 25	Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) plus 0.3% to 0.8% nickel and 0.04% to 0.08% palladium
Grade 26	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08% to 0.14% ruthenium, standard oxygen, medium strength
Grade 27	Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08% to 0.14% ruthenium, low oxygen,low strength
Grade 28	Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) plus 0.08% to 0.14% ruthenium
Grade 29	Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium with extra low interstitial elements (ELI) plus 0.08% to 0.14% ruthenium

Proportional limit Mechanical Properties

admin — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 06:31:08 +0000

The proportional limit is the highest stress at which stress is linearly proportional to strain. This is the same as the elastic limit for most materials. Some materials may show a slight deviation from proportionality while still under recoverable strain. In these cases the proportional limit is preferred as a maximum stress level because deformation becomes less predictable above it.

Elastic limit Mechanical Properties

admin — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 06:28:16 +0000

The elastic limit is the highest stress at which all deformation strains are fully recoverable. For most materials and applications this can be considered the practical limit to the maximum stress a component can withstand and still function as designed. Beyond the elastic limit permanent strains are likely to deform the material to the point where its function is impaired.